The sight of red gums should be a reason of concern.  Red gums are the first indication of gum disease.  Gum disease is commonly diagnosed as either gingivitis or periodontitis.  Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums.  The most common symptoms associated with gingivitis include:

• Red gums
• Swollen gums
• Tender gums
• Bleeding gums
• Pockets between the teeth and gums
• Gums that are pulled away from the teeth
• Mouth sores
• Shiny gums
• Extreme bad breath

If gingivitis is left untreated, the next stage of gum disease is periodontitis.  Periodontitis is a condition where the gums start pulling away from the teeth and pockets from between the teeth and gums.

Gingivitis and periodontitis are caused by bacteria that is found within the mouth.  Bacteria hides within the plaque that forms on the teeth and gum line. Plaque is a colorless and sticky substance that forms on the teeth as a result of inadequate oral care.  However, plaque is not the only substance that causes red gums.  If the plaque is not removed, it hardens into a substance known as tartar.  Tartar is so hard that it can only be removed by a dentist.  Tartar can form on the gum line as well as underneath the gum line.

Red gums can also be caused by the way that we care for our teeth.  If we brush our teeth in a rough, forwards and backwards motion, we are damaging the delicate gum tissue that surrounds the teeth and removing the enamel from our teeth.  This roughness also irritates the gums and can contribute to red gums.  Remember to brush in a gentle and circular motion.

Flossing incorrectly can also contribute to red gums.  Never force the floss between the teeth.  Forcing the floss can cause the floss to hit the gum line and actually cut the gums.  This not only leads to red gums, but can also cause bleeding gums as well.

The products we use for oral care may actually contribute to the bacteria build up that causes red gums.  If a toothpaste or mouthwash contains high amounts of sugar to make it taste good, the sugar provides a food on which the bacteria feed.  A product that does not contain sugar and can provide continued protection against bacteria between brushings is recommended to avoid bacteria build up.

Knowing what causes red gums is important so red gums can be prevented and treated.  Fortunately, red gums can be prevented with only nominal preventative maintenance if it is performed regularly.