In gum disease, inflammation in the gums may lead to more serious infections that damage the bone and soft tissues around teeth. Untreated infections inevitably lead to tooth loss. Gum disease is also known as periodontal disease. Whether or not you get gum disease depends on how well you care for your teeth.

Gum disease is a common problem, which affects the soft tissues and supporting bone around teeth. There are two main types of gum disease, gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis involves inflammation of the gum adjacent to the visible part of the tooth and periodontitis involves inflammation of the deeper supporting tissues of the tooth (bone, ligament and cement). If these supporting structures around the tooth are severely affected, then the tooth may become loose, may drift or be lost.

Lots of bacteria reside in your mouth. Plaque forms when bacteria and saliva come together. You get rid of plaque when you floss and brush, and when you visit your dentist regularly to remove excess plaque below the gum line. Tartar is hardened plaque. Tartar causes gingivitis, a condition characterized by inflammation, swelling, and bleeding in the gums. Brushing and flossing reverses gingivitis.

Untreated gingivitis leads to periodontitis. In periodontitis, the inflammation stretches below the gum line and into the tissues surrounding the tooth. The gum begins to pull away and form deep infectious pockets called periodontal pockets. The infections spread and damage bone, ultimately ending in the removal of the tooth.

Gum disease can best be prevented by maintaining a regular regimen of care. This includes brushing and flossing twice per day. You should schedule regular visits (at least twice per year) with your dental professional to get professional cleaning and plaque removal. Avoiding habits that encourage tartar growth also prevents the onslaught of gum disease.